Certified Dialysis Nurse Practice Test 2026 - Free Dialysis Nurse Practice Questions and Study Guide

The correct choice is that both diabetes and hypertension are most commonly associated with end-stage renal disease. This association is significant because diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease, which can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to nephropathy, which is a common complication. Over time, this damage can impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste effectively, eventually resulting in ESRD. On the other hand, hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys by exerting extra pressure on blood vessels and reducing renal blood flow. The long-standing effects of high blood pressure can lead to progressive kidney damage and ultimately contribute to the development of ESRD.

Both conditions often coexist in patients, further exacerbating the risk of kidney failure. Therefore, their recognition and management are crucial in preventing the progression to end-stage renal disease, making the combination of diabetes and hypertension particularly relevant in discussions about kidney health.